When To Use or Omit Subject Pronouns in Spanish

Subject pronouns in Spanish are a lot like medicine—theyre often essential, but their use should be avoided when theyre not necessary. Overuse of subject pronouns—the equivalent of words such as he, she and they—is common among English speakers learning Spanish. Its important to remember that in Spanish the verb forms often make subject pronouns unnecessary, and when thats the case the pronouns shouldnt be used unless theres a reason to. When To Not Use Subject Pronouns Here is a sampling of sentences where pronouns are unnecessary. In all these examples, the context or verb forms make clear who is performing the action of the verb. Voy al supermercado. I am going to the supermarket. (The verb voy can refer only to the person speaking.) ¿Adà ³nde vas? Where are you going? (The verb vas necessarily refers to the person being spoken to.)Roberto no està ¡ en casa.  ¿Fue al supermercado? Roberto isnt at home. Did he go to the supermarket? (Standing alone, the second sentence might be unclear about who the subject is. But in context, it is obvious that Roberto is being referred to.)Nieva. It is snowing. (Nevar, the verb for to snow, is used only  in the third-person singular form and doesnt need an accompanying subject.) What Are the Subject Pronouns? Of course, not all sentences will be as clear as those are without explicit reference to the subject. Here are the subject pronouns in Spanish with their English equivalents: yo — Ità º — you (informal or familiar singular)usted — you (formal singular)à ©l, ella — he, shenosotros, nosotras — we (the first form refers to a group of males or males and females, while the second form refers to females only)vosotros, vosotras — you (informal or familiar plural; the first form refers to a group of males or males and females, while the second form refers to females only; this pronoun is seldom used in most parts of Latin America)ustedes — you (formal plural)ellos, ellas — they (the first form refers to a group of males or males and females, while the second form refers to females only) See the lesson on tà º and usted for distinguishing which form of you should be used. Note that there is no pronoun listed for it as a subject; in sentences where wed use the subject it in English, the use of the third-person verb nearly always makes a pronoun unnecessary. When To Use Subject Pronouns To avoid ambiguity: Context doesnt always make clear who the subject is, and some verb forms are ambiguous. Yo tenà ­a un coche. (I had a car. Out of context, tenà ­a could mean I had, you had, he had or she had. If the context makes the subjects clear, the pronouns normally wouldnt be used.) Juan y Marà ­a son alumnos. Él estudia mucho.  (John and Mary are students. He studies a lot. Without the pronoun, it is impossible to tell whom the second sentence refers to.) For emphasis: In English, unlike Spanish, we often use verbal stress to emphasize a pronoun. For example, if a strong emphasis is placed on the I in I am going to the supermarket, the understood meaning of the sentence might be I (and not somebody else) am going to the supermarket or possibly I am going to the supermarket (and Im proud of myself). In Spanish, one could similarly add an emphasis by using the grammatically unnecessary pronoun: Yo voy al supermercado. Similarly, haz tà º lo que tà º quieres could be understood as you do what you want (and see if I care). Change of subject: When contrasting two subjects, the pronouns are frequently used. Yo estudio y à ©l escucha el està ©reo. Im studying and hes listening to the stereo. Nosotros somos pobres, pero à ©l es rico. (Were poor, but hes rich.) Note that in English you might use intonation — putting stress on were and hes — to add emphasis. But such stress in Spanish would be unnecessary, as using the pronouns takes care of adding the emphasis. Usted and ustedes: Even where not strictly necessary, usted and ustedes are sometimes included and can add a degree of politeness.  ¿Cà ³mo està ¡ (usted)? How are you? Espero que (ustedes) vayan al cine. I hope you are going to the movies.

Essay about Operation Management - 3745 Words

1.0 Introduction Customer call centers are increasingly playing a crucial role in providing higher customer satisfaction (Anton, 1997). Many business organizations have invest heavily in call centers as they see it as an effective way to keep customer satisfied as well as gaining competitive advantages. The purpose of this study is to critically access the operational method and strategies adopted in a technical support department of a call center in order to provide maximum customer satisfaction. The selected organization is a multinational information technology (IT) corporation from the United State. The company provides IT related hardware and services to home and business users across 120 countries. It has about hundred thousand†¦show more content†¦2.1 Technical support department The technical support department consists of sixty technical support representatives (TSR) that divided into five teams. The primary role of TSR is to diagnose and provide guidance and solution to customers that are having issue with their devices. The contact method is via inbound calls where customers dial into a given toll free number. The department is in charge of twelve countries in Asia pacific. The department is not a revenue generator but it plays a significant role in providing customer satisfaction. It works hand in hand with sales and marketing, and customer service department as the customer facing role. 2.2 Who are the customers? Customers are users with issue or problem with their purchased devices. Normally, customers who dialed into technical support are in dissatisfied, impatient, frustrated or helpless stages due to the issues they are having with their devices. Thus, their expectation and demand are often high and seek to get the problem solved immediately. Thus, speed and service quality become the critical order winning factors. Slack et al. 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Drug Addiction In The Work Place Essay Example For Students

Drug Addiction In The Work Place Essay Drug Addiction in the School and Work Place How has work efficiency changed as a result of drug addiction in the sch a couool and work place? In the 1960 and 1970s, men and women worked long hours to support their family. For many, these strenuous hours were hard to handle without taking drugs. The use of ;uppers; and ;downers; was then considered a way to tolerate those long work hours. To this date, the concern of drugs being used for work efficiency persists among adults who work long late hours, teens with an influenced drug addiction, and also the health concerns which occur because of the use of drugs. There are various drugs which have the effect of making the user alert or drowsy when taken. There are various drugs which have the effect of making the user alert or drowsy when taken. Valium and Ritalin are just a couple examples of the prescription drugs orally taken for specific effects. In the early-mid twentieth century, men and women worked overtime, or even three or four jobs, just to get through life. They got back home late at night and had to wake early the next morning to do it all again. Because of the lack of sleep, they took ;uppers; in the morning to be alert and ;downers; at night to get rest. Please take note that they also drank coffee throughout the day along with the use of these drugs. The adults who had children during this time greatly influenced them with the sight of their drug addiction. The adults pill taking drew forth a curiosity in their children. They wondered what the pills do to make their parents take them every single day. At one point, the childrens interest grew so greatly as to make them want to try the drugs. So the children, especially Sliwak 2 teens, began pilfering some ;uppers; and ;downers;out of sheer interest to experiment with them. The drugs seemed to be ;cool; for the teens and their stealing of them increased greatly. They then started taking the drugs to school because of a grown addiction to them. Other teens were also influenced to taking the pills because of peer pressure and to ;fit in.; The use of drugs is detrimental to our health and causes flukes in the work place. Valium, a well-known muscle relaxant, has various side effects. Some of these side effects are depression, dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, confusion, hallucinations, low blood pressure, and many more. As you can tell by the list of effects, this is not at all a healthy drug. A commonly taken stimulant is Ritalin. It causes a high blood pressure and insomnia, as well as many other side effects. A lot of them are similar to those of Valium except for the few which were mentioned. The side effects of these drugs, such as blurred vision and dizziness, generate flaws in the employees work. The abuse of drugs has been, and is still a growing problem in the United States ever since they have been manufactured. To gain a prescription for several of them is quite simple. A physician prescribes various uppers and downers to people who are under stress. This makes it easily accessible to those who work long hours. The addiction to these drugs have increased to keep up with the raised prices of entities, the social standards of having automobiles, and the cost during ones leisure time. .